Hand Drilling Shallow Wells: Uncover The Secrets Of Underground Water Access

The allure of accessing fresh, pure water from your own backyard or homestead is an experience that can transform your life. Hand drilling a shallow well is an empowering and cost-effective way to achieve this goal. This comprehensive guide will provide you with the knowledge and step-by-step instructions to successfully hand drill a shallow well, allowing you to tap into a hidden source of life-giving water.

Understanding Shallow Wells

Shallow wells are typically less than 50 feet deep and penetrate only the first water-bearing layer of the ground. They are ideal for accessing water for drinking, irrigation, and livestock. Hand drilling a shallow well is a labor-intensive process that requires patience, determination, and adherence to proper techniques.

Gathering the Necessary Equipment

Before embarking on this adventure, ensure you have the following equipment:

• Hand auger (earth or post hole auger)
• Drill bits (extension rods, auger head, and cutting head)
• Pipe or casing
• Well screen
• Gravel
• Bentonite clay
• Measuring tape
• Level
• Safety gear (gloves, eye protection, hard hat)

Step 1: Selecting the Well Site

Choose a well site that is:

• Away from potential contaminants (septic tanks, livestock areas)
• On high ground with good drainage
• Accessible for future maintenance

Step 2: Digging the Pilot Hole

Using the earth auger, dig a pilot hole approximately 6 inches wide to the desired depth of the well. This pilot hole will guide the drill bit and prevent it from wandering.

Step 3: Installing the Drill Bit

Attach the extension rods to the auger head and then the cutting head. Lubricate the drill bit with water or drilling fluid.

Step 4: Drilling the Well

Insert the drill bit into the pilot hole and rotate it clockwise using the handles on the auger. Apply steady downward pressure and use a level to ensure the hole is straight.

Step 5: Removing the Cuttings

Periodically remove the drill bit and clean the cuttings using a spoon or auger cleaner. This will prevent the hole from collapsing and clogging.

Step 6: Installing the Casing and Screen

Once the well is at the desired depth, insert the casing pipe into the hole. The casing prevents the well from collapsing and protects the water from contamination. Install a well screen at the bottom of the casing to filter out sediment.

Step 7: Filling the Hole with Gravel and Bentonite

Fill the space between the casing and the well wall with clean gravel to prevent sand from entering the well. Seal the top of the well with bentonite clay to prevent surface water from contaminating the well.

Testing and Maintaining Your Well

• Pump water from the well to remove any sediment or debris.
• Test the water for quality and safety.
• Regularly inspect and maintain the well to ensure it remains in good condition.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Well won’t produce water: The well may not have reached the water table, or the screen may be clogged.
• Water is cloudy or has sediment: The well screen may be too large, or the gravel pack is not filtering properly.
• Water has a strong odor or taste: The well may be contaminated, or the casing is not properly sealed.

Information You Need to Know

Q: How long does it take to hand drill a shallow well?
A: The time it takes to hand drill a shallow well varies depending on the depth and soil conditions. On average, it can take several days to a few weeks.

Q: Can I drill a shallow well without using a drill bit?
A: It is possible to drill a shallow well without using a drill bit, but it is a much more labor-intensive and time-consuming process.

Q: How deep should I drill my shallow well?
A: The depth of your shallow well will depend on the depth of the water table in your area. You should drill at least 10 feet below the water table to ensure a consistent water supply.

Q: What is the difference between a hand auger and a drill bit?
A: A hand auger is used to dig a pilot hole, while a drill bit is used to drill the actual well. Drill bits are typically made of hardened steel and have a cutting head that rotates to break up the soil.

Q: How do I know when I have reached the water table?
A: You will know you have reached the water table when the drill bit starts to bring up wet soil or water.